Tri-colour in the darkness of the moon

India became the fourth nation to land on the moon and the first country to land a spacecraft on the darkest south pole of the moon.


Vikram lander successfully lands on the lunar south pole:

The Vikram lander, part of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, successfully landed on the lunar south pole on Wednesday, August 23, 2023. The lander was carrying the Pragyan rover, which is also expected to land on the lunar surface soon.



The Chandrayaan-3 mission is a major milestone for India's space program. It is the country's second mission to the Moon and the first to land on the lunar south pole. The south pole is thought to be a potential source of water ice, and the Chandrayaan-3 mission will help scientists to better understand the presence of water on the Moon.



The Vikram lander touched down on the lunar surface at 1:45 PM IST. The landing was confirmed by ISRO, which said that the Lander was "healthy" and "all systems are functioning normally."



The Pragyan rover is expected to land on the lunar surface in the next few days. The rover is equipped with a variety of scientific instruments that will be used to study the lunar surface, including a camera, a spectrometer, and a drill.



This is the biggest comeback for India after The Vikram lander, part of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission lost communication with ground control minutes before the scheduled touchdown on the lunar south pole on September 7, 2022. The Lander was carrying the Pragyan rover, which was also lost in that mission.



The goal of this mission:

The main goal of the Vikram lander in the Chandrayaan-3 mission is to soft land on the lunar surface near the South Pole. The Lander is equipped with a variety of scientific instruments that will be used to study the lunar surface, including:

• A laser altimeter to measure the height of the Lander above the surface.
• A magnetometer to measure the magnetic field of the Moon.
• A seismometer to measure the vibrations of the Moon.
• A spectrometer to analyze the chemical composition of the lunar surface.

The Lander will also deploy the Pragyan rover, which will explore the lunar surface for up to 14 days. The rover is equipped with its own set of scientific instruments, including:

• A camera to take images of the lunar surface.
• A spectrometer to analyze the chemical composition of the lunar surface.
• A drill to collect samples of the lunar surface.

The goal of the Chandrayaan-3 mission is to study the lunar south pole, which is thought to be a potential source of water ice. The mission will also help scientists to better understand the formation and evolution of the Moon.
Here are some of the other goals of the Chandrayaan-3 mission:

• To demonstrate the capability of India to soft-land a Lander on the lunar surface.
• To conduct in-situ scientific experiments on the lunar surface.
• To improve India's space technology and capabilities.
• To inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is a significant achievement for India and is a testament to the country's growing space capabilities. The mission is also a major step forward in the exploration of the Moon and will help scientists to better understand our neighboring world.

• Aditya L1: This mission is a solar observatory that will be placed in a halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point. It is scheduled to be launched in August 2023. The Aditya L1 mission will study the Sun's atmosphere, magnetic field, and solar wind. 
• Shukrayaan: This mission is an orbiter to Venus that will study the planet's atmosphere, surface, and interior. It is scheduled to be launched in late 2024. The Shukrayaan mission will help scientists to better understand the evolution of Venus and its similarities and differences with Earth.
• Mangalyaan 2: This mission is a second orbiter to Mars that will study the planet's surface and atmosphere in more detail than the first Mangalyaan mission. It is scheduled to be launched in 2024. The Mangalyaan 2 mission will help scientists to better understand the potential for life on Mars.

ISRO is also planning a number of other missions to the Sun and Venus, including:

• Solar Probe Plus: This is a joint mission between ISRO and NASA that will fly to within 9.86 million kilometers of the Sun. It is scheduled to be launched in 2025.
• Venus In-Situ Explorer (VIPER): This is a NASA mission that will land on Venus and explore the planet's surface. It is scheduled to be launched in 2029.

These missions will help ISRO to expand its knowledge of the Sun and Venus and to contribute to the global effort to understand these important planets.

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Pragyan rover begins exploration of Moon: What Pragyan is searching for? | Chandrayaan-3's Surprise Discovery: Lunar South Pole's Extreme Temperature Variations | Pragyan Rover Achieves Historic Milestone: Detects the Moonquake | Chandrayaan-3 Unveils Lunar Plasma Environment: Another New Discovery on the Moon