Unit-10: Chp-2: Nature of Vibration
PHYSICXION: Vibration is the back-and-forth motion of an object around a central point.Types include: free, forced, damped.
Vibration is the back-and-forth motion of an object around a central point. Types include:
- Free Vibration: Occurs naturally after an initial disturbance, like a plucked string.
- Forced Vibration: Caused by an external force, like a speaker vibrating air.
- Damped Vibration: Gradually decreases in amplitude due to energy loss (e.g., friction).
Resonance: A special case of forced vibration where the external force's frequency matches the object's natural frequency, causing maximum amplitude.
The study of vibration has a long and rich history:
- Ancient Civilizations: Early observations likely focused on musical instruments and the human voice, recognizing patterns in sound and motion.
- Pythagoras (c. 570-495 BC): Developed mathematical relationships between musical notes and the lengths of vibrating strings, laying the foundation for the study of harmonics.
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): Investigated the motion of pendulums, discovering the principle of isochronism (pendulum swings take the same time regardless of amplitude).
- Isaac Newton (1643-1727): Formulated the laws of motion, providing a fundamental framework for understanding the forces and accelerations involved in vibration.
- 19th & 20th Centuries: Significant advancements in understanding resonance, wave propagation, and the use of vibration in various fields like engineering, seismology, and acoustics.
Interesting Facts:
- The Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse: In 1940, high winds caused the Tacoma Narrows Bridge to vibrate at its natural frequency, leading to its dramatic collapse. This event highlighted the importance of understanding and mitigating resonance.
- The Millennium Bridge Wobble: When the Millennium Bridge in London opened in 2000, pedestrians walking across it caused it to sway and wobble, leading to its temporary closure. Engineers added dampers to the bridge to control these vibrations.
- Earthquake-Resistant Structures: Buildings and bridges are designed with vibration isolation techniques to minimize damage during earthquakes. These structures use materials like rubber and steel to absorb seismic energy.
- Musical Instruments: The production of sound in most musical instruments relies on vibrations. For example, plucking a guitar string or blowing into a trumpet causes vibrations that create sound waves.
- Human Voice: The human voice is produced by the vibration of vocal cords in the larynx. The shape of the vocal tract modifies these vibrations, creating different sounds.
- Earthquake-Resistant Structures: Buildings and bridges are designed with vibration isolation techniques to minimize damage during earthquakes. These structures use materials like rubber and steel to absorb seismic energy.
- Musical Instruments: The production of sound in most musical instruments relies on vibrations. For example, plucking a guitar string or blowing into a trumpet causes vibrations that create sound waves.
- Human Voice: The human voice is produced by the vibration of vocal cords in the larynx. The shape of the vocal tract modifies these vibrations, creating different sounds.
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CLASS NOTES :
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NOTE-1: Theory Of Nature of vibration.
NOTE-2: Solved Numerical (Easy and moderate level descriptive problems)
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